Wall.



T. K. SMITH.

WALL.

APPLICATION FILED MAB..17, 190a.

Patented July 19, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Z v/ 4/45/14; 4 3; y y E E W N W J y y T. K. SMITH.

WALL.

APPLIOATION FILED MAB..17, 1908.

964,942. I I Patented July 19,1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

wanes oeo Q TITUS K. SMITH, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

WALL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 19, 1910.

Application filed March 17, 1908. Serial No. 421,621.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, TITUS K. SMITH, citizen of the United States, and resident of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and'State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Walls, of which the following 1s a specification.

My invention relates to buildings and the object of same is to provide a building having a concrete wall or walls, in which are inclosed a plurality of hollow forms having spaces between them in which the concrete is located.

A further object is to use said walls as a heater, and to this end the said forms are provided with a plurality of openings which register with the adjacent forms in such a way as .to form fiues which'extend through the wall from the bottom upward to an outlet provided to release the gases.

, A further object is to provide means for heating-said walls in a cheap and efiicient manner evenly over the surface of the wall. A further object is to provide a building which may be quickly and economically built and which will be practically fireproof by reason of the materials used.' Referrin to the drawings which form a part of this specification,Figure 1, is a view of the interior of a building, the two side walls of which are shown 1n section, and the rear wall having a part of the inner plastering removed to disclose the forms orblocks in longitudinal section, and their rellative arrangement. Fig. 2, is a perspective view of one of the hollow blocks or forms.

Fig. 3, is a! perspective View of one of the base blocks. Fig. 4, is a view of a modified form of block, the length of each bein de termined by the height and design 0% the building to be constructed. Fig. 5, is a View disclosing a section of my wall in which are embedded the forms which in this case are,

shown as having oval sides.

My object is to build, in outside molds of temporary construction, a concrete wall having inclosed therein the blocks or forms which may be made of sheet iron, wood or plastic material and of any desired form, such as round, oval or rectangular, to create inter-wall spaces, the interior of said forms serving as conduits, and extending'vertically or horizontally, depending on the manner in which the forms are assembled.

It will be observed that by the construction disclosed in Fig. 1, the air may circulate both vertically and horizontally through the blocks or forms. The forms maybe built in a wall which is supported in steel frames as in the present steel frame buildings if' desired.

A, indicates a building having walls A, the outer facing A of which is composed of concrete which extends through from the outer wall to the inner wall between the forms B, B, B, etc., as indicated at B. The inner facing wall may also consist of concrete, if preferred, or the concrete may extend from the outer facing and between the forms B, until it comes practically 'flush with the faces of the forms as indicated at B and the inner facing could be made of the usual plastering material, but in either case the forms are entirely inclosed by the plastic materials.

The forms, or blocks, as I shall hereinafter call them, may be formed as shown in this point to heat or cool the wall, since the gases introduced at the bottom of the lowest tier of blocks would part with their heat by radiation before reachin -the top of the wall and unless further Treated introduced, the upper portion 0 the Wall would be comparatively cool. v

' The block B is rectangular in form and is provided at its upper and lower ends with ases WSI'G openings B, the upper and lower 0 enings being in respect1ve 'alinement wit other.

In startin the building, a base wall D is first laid, un ess it is to be of steel construction, in which case the composite wall would be built on the steel, and on said wall D is laid a row of blocks G with their openings C upward, and on the blocks 0 is built up an inner wall of theblocks B arranged relative to blocks C and to-each other so as to form intercommunicatin assages E, E, E, etc., which unite all 0 tlie spaces or chambers within the blockstogether. After this part of the wall has been builtup asufiicient diseach - the wall, the openings C being a modification of the construction.

erected on theouter side and inner side of the blocks to a suflici'ent height,-and the con crete introduced between the said board wall and the blocks and within the spaces formed between theblocks as illustrated at B, the distance at which the said board wall is placed from the faces of the blocks, determining the thickness of the concrete portion of the wall, as will be readily understood. After the complete wall has been built to the desired height by thus successively building the blocks and concrete portions, the blocks C are used to form a top or ca for ma e to register with the openin s B", so that the gases may flow from the b ocks B to the conduit (1 formed by blocks C and thence to an outlet 0 of which there may be as many as may be required, depending on the size of the buildin In Fig. 5' or the drawings there is shown In this form I use short, open ended, tubul r sections -F prefera 1y formed in an elongated shape. When constructing the wall I mtroduce thecover --F, 1-, which is placed on the top of the row of sections as set, and between the intervenin superimposed row of sections, as shown in ig. 5. These covers F, 1- being thus disposed, the two ends a of each block have open communication with two of the blocks above. Further, the covers F, 1 produce lateral intervening spaces between the blocks. When the soft concrete is now poured it fills the'intervening spaces and rests upon the covers --F, 1.

The bottoms of the blocks are open, but the concrete will, not rise upward iritothe blocks. The construction shown is advantageous in that it producesradiation of the rising column of air in all directions. Further, the construction is very economical.

G indicates the flooring of the building and H the ceilings thereof, and I indicates a beam, the ends of which are supported by being inserted in spaces. formed between the bloctlfrs B before the concrete filling is ap- J indicates a heater whichmay be of the hot air type, butI'prefer to use steam for heating and to run a steam pipe Is through the conduits in the base blocks C, as indicated in Fig. 4, so that the heat therefrom will rise and be distributed evenly throughout the wall, or if the .wall was used-in connection with a cold storage house or refrigerator, the cooling pipes could be located in said conduits an the heat absorbed from the walls, as will be readily understood.

The blocks 0 may be provided with a pipe portion L, where necessary in constructing the building through whieh heated air may be forced intothe conduits or gases with drawn by suitable means such as a blower or pump. When'the wall is made with hollow blocks and it is not desired to ventilate the same, the blocks may be formed without any openings, such as 13 By the construction thus described, I am able to provide a cheap, durable, fireproof wall for the purpose set forth, and to venti late and heat the rooms which said walls inclose, or cool the same in an easy and practical manner.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A wall comprising a plurality of blocks having chambers formed therein, and forming communicating passages throughout the Wall, said blocks being separated laterally to form intervening spaces; a series of base blocks communicating to form a continuous space around the base of the wall and in communication with the said blocks superimposed thereon; a series of top blocks to form a continuous space around the top of the wall in connection with the wall blocks directly beneath; a duct leading into the space formed by the base series; a duct leading from the space formed by the top series; and solid concrete filling said intervening spaces between the said blocks and forming the inner and outer faces of the said wall.

2. A wall comprising a system of hollow tubes separated to form intervening spaces, and extended-from the bottom to the top of the wall; a horizontal tube arranged to form an annular base connection between said tubes, a horizontal tube arranged to form an annular top connection. between said tubes; said base and top tubes provided with an inlet opening and outlet opening, respectively; and a hardened plaster material filling said intervening spaces, and

forming the face of the wall.

posed blocks, so as to produce laterally intervening spaces between the said blocks; and a plastic, solid setting material formingthe two faces of the wall, said plastic material filling said intervening spaces, and keying the blocks in position.

4. A wall comprising a plurality of duplicatehollow blocks arran ed in broken joint orderwitheach upper hick resting on'two lower to bridge between the same, each block having atop and bottom both provided with openings disposed to each side of the center and each opening engaging the opening of' a superimposed block, said openin s being sufiiciently removed to form lateral y intervening space; between the su erimposed blocks when the ends of such bloc s are rested on the ends of two lower blocks; and a. plastic, solid setting material filling said intervening spaces, and forming the faces of the wall.

5. A composite wall comprising a plurality of molded hollow blocks longitudinally disposed and spaced apart from each other to form openings between them, and a plurality of similar blocks in contact therewith located above and below said first named blocks and spanning said openings, thereby forming recesses alternating with said blocks, and hardened plastic material located in and filling said recesses.

6. A composite wall comprisin a plurality of hollow blocks longitudinalFy disposed and spaced apart from each other to form openings between them, each of said, blocks having a plurality of passages therein, and a plurality of similar blocks located above and below said first named blocks and spanning said openings, thereby forming recesses alternating with said blocks, the passages in one block re 'stering with those in one of the adjacent locks to form a communicating conduit, and hardened plastic material located in and filling said recesses to form an integral wall.

7 A composite wall comprising a plural ity of molded blocks havin chambers formed therein longitudinally isposed and spaced apart from each other to form openings between them, and a plurality of similar blocks in contact therewith located above and below said first named blocks and spanning said openings, thereby forming 'recesses alternating with said blocks, and

blocks of hardened plastic material located in and filling said recesses; and plastic material also forming a facing for the wall.

8. A composite wall comprising a plurality of blocks having chambers formed therein, and longitudinally di osed and spaced.

apart from each other to orm openin between them, each of said blocks havlng a plurality of passages therein, and a plurality of similar blocks located above and below said first named blocks and spanning said openin s, thereby forming recesses alternating w1th said blocks, the passages in one block registering with those in one of the adjacent blocks to form a communicating conduit, and blocks of hardened plastic material located in and filling said recesses to form an integral wall; and a facing for said wall.

9. A composite wall comprising a plural-. ity of molded blocks 10 'tudmally disposed and each having a urality of passages in each of its to an bottom sides, a plurality of similar locks located above and below said first named blocks and having its passages registering with the passages in the first named blocks, cement means for binding said blocks in fixed relation to each other, and means for leading a fluid into the lower blocks and releasing same through the upper blocks for the purpose set forth;

10. A composite wall comprising a plurality of molded blocks longitudinally disposed and each having a plurality of passages in each of its top and bottom sides, a plurality of similar blocks located above and below said first named blocks and having its passages registering with the passages in the first named blocks, cement means for binding said blocks in fixed relation to each other, and means for leading a fluid into the lower blocks and releasing same through the upper blocks for the purpose set forth, said means comprising a molded conduit located below and above said blocks respectively and having passages registering with the passages in said blocks.

l1. Acomposite wall comprising a lurality of molded hollow blocks longitu inally disposed and spaced apart from each other forming openings, and a plurality of similar blocks located above and below said openings and spanning same to form a closed topand bottom and forming between said blocks, rectangular shaped openings, and blocks of hardened plastic material filling said openings, thereby forming a wall composed of blocks of solid hardened plastic material and blocks of hollow molded material alternately disposed.

12. Acomposite wall comprising a plurality of molded hollow blocks longitudinally disposed and spaced apart from each other forming openings, and a (plurality of simllar blocks located above an below said open ings and forming between said blocks, rectangular sh'aped openings, and blocks of hardened plastic material filling said 0 enings, thereby forming a wall compose of blocks of solid hardened plastic material and V blocks of hollow molded material alternately disposed, said molded blocks having assages in their upper and lower ends w ioh connect said chambers togethen.

Signed at New York in the county of A New York and State of New York this tenth Witnesses:

FRANK M. ASHLEY, VIRGINIA C. ZEIS. 

